Electrical Safety Earthing

 Electrical Safety Earthing

The process of transferring the immediate discharge of the electrical energy directly to the earth by the help of the low resistance wire is known as the electrical earthing. The electrical earthing is done by connecting the non-current carrying part of the equipment or neutral of supply system to the ground.

Every building, equipment, power plant, substation facility included in electricity require earth grounding, either directly or through grounding system. The main objective of doing earthing in electrical network is safety.

     But when the neutral for any system is not connected with the earth then it will be known as electrical system without earthing as depicted in fig 1.

Figure 1: Electrical system without earthing

      Mostly, the galvanised iron is used for the earthing. The earthing provides the simple path to the leakage current and fault current in the system. The short-circuit current of the equipment passes to the earth which is assumed to have zero potential. Thus, protects the system equipment and personnel working with these equipment from damage as well as shock current as shown in fig 2.

 

Figure 2: Electrical system with earthing

Earthing is not likely to reduce the total magnitude of over voltages produce by lightening or switching surges, it can however mitigate the possibilities of excessive voltage stress on the phase to ground insulation of particular phase.

The system earth resistance should be such that which any fault occurs against which earthing is designed to give protection, the protective gear will operate to make the faulty main or plant harmless. In most cases, such operation involves isolation of the faulty main or plant, for example by circuit breaker or fuses.

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